BEGLA 138 Solved Assignment: Reading and speaking skills are crucial subjects in IGNOU’s BA English program, designed to enhance students’ reading comprehension and verbal communication proficiency. This course improves fluency, pronunciation, and articulation while strengthening analytical reading skills. Through various texts, dialogues, and exercises, learners develop confidence in expressing ideas effectively in academic and professional settings.
Whether preparing for exams or honing communication skills for career growth, BEGLA 138 provides essential strategies for becoming a more articulate and thoughtful communicator. Stay tuned for study materials, tips, and practice resources to excel in this course.
BEGLA 138 Course Details
| University | IGNOU (Indira Gandhi National Open University) |
| Title | Reading & Speaking Skills |
| Language(s) | English |
| Code | BEGLA 138 |
| Subject | ENGLISH |
| Degree(s) | BAG, BCOMG, BSCG |
| Course Generic | MIL Course |
BEGLA 138 Study Material Free Download
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Candidates are expected to complete their individual assignments using the books given by IGNOU. These study materials/books are advantageous for completing tasks and preparing for their particular TEE.
| BEGLA 138 ENGLISH STUDY MATERIAL | |
|---|---|
| Block 1 | Learning to Read Effectively |
| Block 2 | Reading Comprehension : Types of Texts |
| Block 3 | Speaking Skills |
| Block 4 | Practicing Speaking Skills |
| DOWNLOAD FULL BOOK IN ONE CLICK | |
BEGLA 138 Previous Year Question Papers
Previous year question papers are invaluable tools for exam preparation. They help students understand the exam pattern, familiarize themselves with the types of questions asked, and identify important topics. By practising these papers, students can improve their time management skills, identify areas where they need more focus, and build confidence for the exam. These papers also serve as a practical revision tool, improving knowledge and helping students approach exams with a well-informed strategy.
BEGLA 138 Solved Assignment Question Paper
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BEGLA 138 Solved Assignment Free
Answer all the given questions.
Q1. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.
(a) How do you categorize this article by Jayanthi Natarajan based on the knowledge of different
types of texts? Justify your response.
Ans. This article by Jayanthi Natarajan is an analytical and persuasive text. It analyzes India’s environmental performance while also persuading readers to view environmental issues beyond political and ideological biases. The use of data, expert opinions, and logical arguments supports this categorization.
b) What methods and strategies are being used by the author in this article? How are the
intended goals achieved?
Ans. The author employs fact-based reasoning, comparative analysis, and persuasive argumentation. She uses data from the Environmental Performance Index (EPI) and expert conclusions to highlight India’s environmental challenges. By discussing domestic and global factors, she provides a balanced view, ensuring the argument is logical and compelling.
(c) What, according to you, is the author’s objective or purpose in structuring her article in this
particular manner?
Ans. The author structures the article first to present the issue (India’s environmental ranking), then analyze its causes, and finally suggest a balanced approach to addressing environmental challenges. Her objective is to urge policymakers and the public to take a pragmatic approach to environmental issues rather than politically motivated.
(d) What are the major environmental concerns for the Indian government globally as well as
domestically?
Ans. Deforestation – Caused by mining, industries, population pressure, and agricultural expansion.
Water Pollution – The need to balance industrial discharge, domestic sewage, and irrigation needs (e.g., ‘Nirmal Ganga’ vs. ‘Aviral Ganga’).
Sustainable Development – Balancing economic growth and poverty eradication with environmental protection.
(e) What according to you might be the reason for India’s dismal performance on the
Environmental Performance Index (EPI)and the factors contributing to it?
Ans. Deforestation – Due to rapid urbanization, agriculture, and industrial expansion.
Pollution – High levels of air, water, and soil pollution from industries and vehicles.
Weak Law Enforcement – Environmental regulations exist but are often poorly implemented.
Population Pressure – High population growth increases resource consumption and environmental degradation.
(f) How does ideology or political affiliation create an effect on one’s understanding of
the environment?
Ans. Political Bias – Different governments prioritize economic growth or environmental protection differently, affecting policies.
Selective Data Interpretation – Some groups highlight poor rankings, while others emphasize improvements to support their agendas.
Conflict Between Development and Conservation – Political ideologies influence whether a country focuses on industrialization or sustainability.
Policy Implementation – Governments may favour short-term economic gains over long-term environmental sustainability.
(g) Suggest an alternative title along with its proper justification.
Ans. Alternative Title: “Beyond Rankings: India’s Environmental Reality and the Way Forward”
Justification: This title emphasizes that India’s environmental issues should be viewed beyond global rankings, focusing on real challenges and solutions rather than mere statistics.
Section B
Q2. Differentiate and explain the following in detail:
(a) Rhythm and stress
(b) Falling and rising intonation
Ans. (a) Difference Between Rhythm and Stress
| Feature | Rhythm | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | The pattern of sounds and silences in speech, creating a musical quality. | The emphasis placed on certain syllables or words to create meaning and clarity. |
| Function | Organizes speech into patterns of strong and weak beats. | Highlights important words, making speech understandable and expressive. |
| Example | English has a stress-timed rhythm (some syllables are stressed more than others, creating a pattern). | In the word “important,” the second syllable (por) is stressed: im-POR-tant. |
Explanation
- Rhythm is the flow and timing of speech, influenced by stressed and unstressed syllables.
- Stress is about emphasizing particular syllables within words or words within sentences.
- In English, stress plays a crucial role in meaning. For example, “record” (noun) vs. “record” (verb) changes meaning based on stress.
(b) Difference Between Falling and Rising Intonation
| Feature | Falling Intonation | Rising Intonation |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | The voice drops at the end of a sentence. | The voice rises at the end of a sentence. |
| Usage | Used in statements, commands, and wh-questions. | Used in yes/no questions and unfinished thoughts. |
| Example | “She is coming home.” (statement) | “Are you coming?” (yes/no question) |
Explanation
- Falling intonation conveys certainty, completion, or authority.
- Rising intonation indicates uncertainty, politeness, or a question.
- Example:
- “You are leaving now. (↘)” (falling – a statement)
- “You’re leaving now? (↗)” (rising – a question or surprise)
Both stress and intonation help convey meaning and emotion in spoken English, making communication more effective.
Q3. Explain the strategies for efficient study reading and the steps to remember while summarizing
a paragraph/chapter.
Ans. Strategies for Efficient Study Reading
Efficient study reading helps better comprehend, retain, and recall information. The following strategies can be used:
- Preview the Text – Skim through headings, subheadings, bold words, and summaries to get an overview.
- Set a Purpose – Identify what you need to learn from the reading material.
- Active Reading – Engage with the text by taking notes, underlining key points, and asking questions.
- SQ3R Method – Use the Survey, Question, Read, Recite, Review technique to enhance understanding.
- Break it into Sections – Read in smaller chunks instead of trying to absorb everything at once.
- Use Mnemonics and Diagrams – Create mind maps, flashcards, or acronyms to remember key information.
- Summarize and Recall – After reading, summarize in your own words to reinforce understanding.
- Review Regularly – Re-read important sections and review notes to strengthen memory.
Steps to Remember While Summarizing a Paragraph/Chapter
- Read the Text Carefully – Understand the main theme and key points.
- Identify the Main Idea – Find the central argument or thesis of the passage.
- Note Key Details – Write down supporting points that explain the main idea.
- Eliminate Redundant Information – Remove examples, repeated ideas, or unnecessary details.
- Use Your Own Words – Rewrite the information in a concise and clear manner without changing the meaning.
- Maintain Logical Flow – Arrange the points in a sequence that makes sense.
- Keep It Concise – A summary should be significantly shorter than the original text while still covering the essentials.
- Review and Revise – Check for clarity, coherence, and grammatical accuracy.
Q4. What are the five key elements of a story? Explain
Ans. A well-structured story consists of five key elements, which work together to engage the reader and create a compelling narrative. These elements are:
1. Characters
- Characters are the people, animals, or beings in a story.
- The protagonist is the main character, while the antagonist opposes them.
- Supporting characters help develop the plot and add depth.
- Example: Harry is the protagonist in Harry Potter, and Voldemort is the antagonist.
2. Setting
- The setting refers to the time and place in which the story takes place.
- It can be a real or imaginary location and influences the mood and atmosphere.
- Example: In Pride and Prejudice, the story is set in 19th-century England.
3. Plot
- The plot is the sequence of events that drive the story forward. It includes:
- Exposition (introduction of characters and setting)
- Rising action (conflict builds)
- Climax (turning point)
- Falling action (events leading to resolution)
- Resolution (conclusion of the story)
- Example: In Cinderella, the plot follows her journey from mistreatment to marrying the prince.
4. Conflict
- Conflict is the struggle or problem that the characters face. It can be:
- Internal (character vs. self)
- External (character vs. character, society, nature, or fate)
- Example: In Romeo and Juliet, the conflict is between the lovers and their feuding families.
5. Theme
- The theme is the central idea or message of the story.
- It often reflects universal truths or moral lessons.
- Example: In To Kill a Mockingbird, racial injustice and moral growth are the themes.
These elements work together to create a structured and engaging story, making it meaningful for readers.
Q5. What are the 7 c’s of communication? Discuss
Ans. The 7 C’s of Communication
The 7 C’s of Communication are fundamental principles that ensure clear, effective, and professional communication. These principles help in delivering messages that are easily understood and impactful.
1. Clarity
- The message should be clear and easy to understand.
- Avoid ambiguity and unnecessary complexity.
- Example: Instead of saying, “We will do it soon,” say, “We will complete the project by Friday.”
2. Conciseness
- Keep the message brief and to the point, without unnecessary words.
- Eliminating redundant words improves efficiency.
- Example: Instead of saying “Due to the fact that,” say “Because.”
3. Correctness
- Ensure the message is grammatically and factually accurate.
- Incorrect information can cause confusion and harm credibility.
- Example: Instead of saying “Your order was shipped yesterday on March 35th,” correct it to “Your order was shipped on March 5th.”
4. Completeness
- The message should contain all necessary information.
- Incomplete messages may lead to misunderstandings or repeated communication.
- Example: Instead of “Submit the report soon,” say “Submit the report by Monday at 5 PM.”
5. Coherence
- The message should be logically structured and well-organized.
- Ideas should flow smoothly and be connected.
- Example: A well-structured email has an introduction, main body, and conclusion.
6. Courtesy
- Use a polite and respectful tone.
- Consider the recipient’s perspective and feelings.
- Example: Instead of “You must send the report now!” say “Could you please send the report at your earliest convenience?”
7. Consideration
- Think about the audience’s needs, background, and emotions.
- Tailor the message to suit the recipient.
- Example: If writing to a new client, use a formal and welcoming tone rather than an informal one.
Applying the 7 C’s of Communication ensures that messages are effective, professional, and well-received. These principles are useful in personal, academic, and business communication, leading to better understanding and stronger relationships.
Q6. What do you understand by the Communication cycle?
Ans. The Communication Cycle explains how messages are sent, received, and understood between individuals. It involves several key stages that ensure effective communication. Shannon and Weaver developed the concept, which was later refined by Schramm. The cycle emphasizes feedback and clarity in communication.
Stages of the Communication Cycle
- Sender (Encoding)
- The sender is the person who initiates the communication.
- They encode (convert) their message into words, gestures, or symbols.
- Example: A teacher explaining a concept in class.
- Message
- The actual information, idea, or thought being communicated.
- It can be verbal (spoken/written) or non-verbal (gestures, body language, visuals, etc.).
- Example: A text message, an email, or a speech.
- Medium (Channel)
- The channel is the method used to transmit the message.
- Examples include face-to-face conversations, phone calls, emails, social media, letters, etc.
- Example: A company using an email to inform employees about a meeting.
- Receiver (Decoding)
- The receiver is the person who gets the message.
- They decode (interpret) the message based on their understanding, knowledge, and context.
- Example: A student listening to a lecture and understanding the topic.
- Feedback
- The response from the receiver to the sender.
- It ensures the sender knows whether the message was understood correctly.
- Example: A nod, a reply email, or a question asked in response.
- Noise (Barriers to Communication)
- Any factor that disrupts or distorts the communication process.
- It can be physical (e.g., loud noise), psychological (e.g., stress), semantic (e.g., language differences), or technical (e.g., poor internet connection).
- Example: Mishearing instructions due to background noise.
The Communication Cycle is essential for effective communication. Understanding its stages helps reduce misunderstandings and improve interactions in personal, academic, and professional settings.
Q7. Rohan and Sonu are two best friends who have not been able to meet each other due to the
pandemic. Both of them are going to meet each other today evening at Sonu’s house with a plan
to watch a movie of their choice. Create an informal conversation on behalf of Rohan
persuading Sonu to step out of the house so that both of them can enjoy an evening stroll.
Ans. Informal Conversation Between Rohan and Sonu
Rohan: Hey Sonu! I can’t believe we’re finally meeting after so long! It feels like ages!
Sonu: I know, Rohan! This pandemic kept us apart for so long. I’m really excited to catch up.
Rohan: Same here! But listen, before we start our movie night, why don’t we step out for a little walk? The weather is really nice, and an evening stroll would be great!
Sonu: Hmm… I don’t know, Rohan. I’ve gotten so used to staying indoors. Plus, we have the movie planned, right?
Rohan: Come on, Sonu! Just a short walk. We can grab some snacks on the way, breathe in some fresh air, and stretch our legs. It’ll make the movie even more enjoyable!
Sonu: Well, that does sound nice. But what if it gets too crowded outside?
Rohan: Don’t worry! We’ll go to that quiet park near your house. Hardly anyone goes there in the evening. It’ll be just us, talking like old times!
Sonu: Hmm… alright, you’ve convinced me! A little fresh air and a chat sound like a great idea.
Rohan: That’s the spirit! Let’s go then—adventure awaits! And of course, the movie right after!
Sonu: Haha, alright! Let me just grab my jacket. Let’s make this evening memorable!
Rohan: That’s the Sonu I know! Let’s go!
(They both leave for their evening stroll, excited for their long-overdue catch-up.)
Q8.Explain in detail the difference between the different types of Text.
Ans. Different Types of Texts and Their Differences
Texts can be classified based on purpose, structure, and content. The major types of texts include narrative, descriptive, expository, persuasive, and instructional texts. Each type serves a unique function in communication.
1. Narrative Text
Definition: A narrative text tells a story or recounts events. It often includes characters, a setting, a plot, and a conflict that leads to a resolution.
Purpose:
- To entertain, inform, or inspire readers through storytelling.
- To engage readers with real or imaginary experiences.
Examples:
- Novels, short stories, fairy tales, folk tales, myths, autobiographies.
Key Features:
- Has a clear structure (beginning, middle, end).
- Uses past tense (usually).
- Includes dialogues and character interactions.
- Follows a chronological order.
Example:
“Once upon a time, a young prince set out on a journey to find the lost treasure.”
2. Descriptive Text
Definition: The descriptive text uses vivid language to provide detailed information about a person, place, object, or event.
Purpose:
- To paint a picture in the reader’s mind.
- To appeal to the senses (sight, sound, smell, taste, touch).
Examples:
- Travel blogs, poetry, product descriptions, character sketches.
Key Features:
- It uses adjectives and adverbs to create imagery.
- Often written in the present or past tense.
- Focuses on sensory details.
Example:
“The golden sun dipped below the horizon, painting the sky with hues of pink and orange as the waves gently kissed the shore.”
3. Expository Text
Definition: An expository text explains or provides information on a particular topic in a clear and logical manner.
Purpose:
- To inform, explain, or educate readers.
- To present facts, definitions, and explanations.
Examples:
- Textbooks, news articles, research papers, encyclopedias, how-to guides.
Key Features:
- Uses facts, statistics, and logical explanations.
- Written in a third-person, objective tone.
- Organized logically (cause-effect, problem-solution, comparison).
Example:
“The water cycle consists of three main processes: evaporation, condensation, and precipitation.”
4. Persuasive Text
Definition: A persuasive text is written to convince the reader to accept a particular viewpoint or take a specific action.
Purpose:
- To persuade, argue, or convince.
- To influence opinions, beliefs, or behaviors.
Examples:
- Advertisements, opinion articles, political speeches, debate scripts.
Key Features:
- Uses persuasive language (must, should, best, important).
- Includes arguments, evidence, and emotional appeals.
- Often follows a problem-solution structure.
Example:
“Eating organic food is essential for a healthy lifestyle. Research shows that it contains fewer pesticides and more nutrients than conventionally grown food.”
5. Instructional (Procedural) Text
Definition: An instructional text gives step-by-step directions on how to perform a task or process.
Purpose:
- To guide or instruct the reader on how to do something.
Examples:
- Recipes, manuals, user guides, directions, tutorials.
Key Features:
- Uses imperative (command) sentences.
- Often written in numbered steps or bullet points.
- Includes diagrams or images.
Example:
How to Make a Cup of Tea:
- Boil water.
- Place a tea bag in a cup.
- Pour the hot water over the tea bag.
- Let it steep for 3-5 minutes.
- Remove the tea bag and enjoy.
Differences Between the Types of Texts
| Text Type | Purpose | Examples | Features |
|---|---|---|---|
| Narrative | Tells a story | Novels, short stories | Characters, plot, conflict, dialogue |
| Descriptive | Creates a vivid picture | Poetry, travel writing | Sensory details, strong adjectives |
| Expository | Explains or informs | Textbooks, research papers | Facts, logical structure, neutral tone |
| Persuasive | Convinces or argues | Advertisements, speeches | Emotional appeals, strong arguments |
| Instructional | Gives step-by-step directions | Recipes, user manuals | Commands, numbered steps |
Understanding the different types of texts helps in reading comprehension, writing skills, and effective communication. Each type serves a unique function, and recognizing these differences enables us to interpret and create texts more efficiently.
Q9. What are the barriers that influence communication?
Ans. Barriers That Influence Communication
Communication barriers prevent the effective exchange of ideas, leading to misunderstandings or misinterpretations. These barriers can be physical, psychological, cultural, linguistic, organizational, or technological.
1. Physical Barriers: These occur due to environmental or structural issues affecting communication.
Examples:
- Noise: Loud background noise can make hearing or understanding the message difficult.
- Distance: Poor connection in virtual meetings or physical distance between individuals.
- Faulty Equipment: Microphone or speaker problems during presentations.
Solution:
- Reduce background noise and maintain good acoustics.
- Use clear and effective communication channels (video calls, microphones).
2. Psychological Barriers arise due to the sender or receiver’s emotions, attitudes, or mental states.
Examples:
- Stress and Anxiety: A person under stress may not listen or convey their thoughts properly.
- Prejudice and Bias: Stereotypes or preconceived notions can distort messages.
- Lack of Confidence: Fear of speaking up can hinder communication.
Solution:
- Encourage open-mindedness and active listening.
- Create a positive and supportive communication environment.
3. Cultural Barriers: Differences in cultural background, beliefs, and traditions can lead to misunderstandings.
Examples:
- Different Gestures: A hand gesture in one culture may have a different meaning in another.
- Language Differences: Words may have different connotations in different cultures.
- Cultural Norms: Some cultures prefer direct communication, while others value indirect communication.
Solution:
- Develop cultural awareness and sensitivity.
- Use clear, simple language and avoid slang or idioms.
4. Linguistic Barriers: Language differences, jargon, and unclear speech affect communication.
Examples:
- Use of Technical Jargon: A doctor using medical terms while speaking to a patient.
- Poor Grammar or Pronunciation: Mispronounced words can cause confusion.
- Different Accents or Dialects: Regional differences in pronunciation or vocabulary.
Solution:
- Use simple, clear language.
- Speak slowly and clearly to ensure understanding.
5. Organizational Barriers: Barriers arising from organisational or workplace structural issues.
Examples:
- Complex Hierarchy: Too many levels in decision-making can slow down communication.
- Lack of Feedback: Employees may not receive proper responses from managers.
- Rigid Rules and Policies: Bureaucratic procedures can restrict free communication.
Solution:
- Simplify communication channels.
- Encourage feedback and open discussions.
6. Technological Barriers: Problems arising from the use of technology in communication.
Examples:
- Poor Internet Connection: Leads to disruptions in online meetings.
- Software Compatibility Issues: Files may not open due to different formats.
- Over-Reliance on Digital Communication: Reduces personal interactions and emotional connection.
Solution:
- Use reliable technology and backup communication methods.
- Maintain a balance between digital and face-to-face communication.
7. Perceptual Barriers Differences in perception can lead to misinterpretation of messages.
Examples:
- Selective Perception: People hear what they want to hear, ignoring the full message.
- Assumptions and Stereotypes: Preconceived notions affect how we interpret messages.
- Different Interpretations: The same statement can be understood in multiple ways.
Solution:
- Clarify messages and ask for feedback.
- Encourage open discussions to clear misunderstandings.
Communication barriers can hinder understanding, delay decision-making, and create conflicts. By identifying and addressing these barriers, individuals and organizations can enhance clarity, efficiency, and collaboration in communication.
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