BLIE 228 dwells about information products and services provided by libraries and information centres. The services like literature search service, abstracting services, referral service, CAS, translation service and document delivery service are discussed in detail.The basic objective of this course is to introduce the learners with the information consolidation and repackaging process. The web products and services are also discussed in detail. The course also elaborates on collaborative content development.After completing this course you will be able to know about different information products and services, and the process of designing these.
BLIE 228 Course Details
Course Code: BLIE 228
Title of the Course: Information Products and Services
No of Credits: 4
| University | IGNOU (Indira Gandhi National Open University) |
| Title | Information Products and Services |
| Language(s) | English |
| Code | BLIE-228 |
| Subject | Library Information & science |
| Degree(s) | BLIS |
| Course Generic | Core Course (CC) |
| Assignment Question Paper | Download |
BLIE 228 Study Material Free Download Link
| Block 1 | Conventional Products and Services | Download |
| Block 2 | Special Products and Services | Download |
| Block 3 | Document Delivery Services | Download |
| Block 4 | Web Product and Services | Download |
BLIE 228 Assignment Question Paper
BLIE 228 Solved Assignment (English)
I). Answer the following questions in not more than 250 words each.
Q1) Define Literature search. Discuss its search technique.
Ans. A literature search is a systematic and comprehensive method for identifying and retrieving the existing body of work produced by researchers, scholars, and practitioners on a specific topic. It forms the foundation for any academic research, ensuring that the researcher is aware of the current state of knowledge, gaps in the literature, and the context within which their research fits. In the context of library and information science, a literature search is essential for various purposes, including information retrieval, academic research, and developing a comprehensive understanding of a particular subject.
### Definition of Literature Search
A literature search involves a meticulous and organized search for information and published works on a given topic from various sources. These sources include academic journals, books, conference papers, dissertations, theses, patents, reports, and online databases. The primary aim is to gather relevant information to support research, identify trends, discover gaps in the current knowledge, and provide a background for new research.
### Search Techniques for Conducting a Literature Search
Conducting an effective literature search requires a well-planned approach. Here are some key techniques:
1. Defining the Research Question or Topic:
– Clearly define the scope and focus of your research question. A well-defined question helps in narrowing down the search to relevant literature.
2. Identifying Keywords and Phrases:
– Identify key terms, synonyms, and related phrases that are central to your research topic. Using controlled vocabulary from databases’ thesauri can enhance the search process.
3. Selecting Appropriate Databases and Resources:
– Choose databases and resources that are most relevant to your field of study. For instance, PubMed for medical research, IEEE Xplore for engineering, and ERIC for education.
4. Using Boolean Operators:
– Employ Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT) to refine your search. For example, “libraries AND digital archives” will retrieve documents that include both terms, whereas “libraries OR digital archives” will broaden the search.
5. Applying Filters and Limits:
– Use filters to narrow down results by publication date, document type, language, and other criteria. This helps in focusing on the most relevant and recent literature.
6. Conducting Citation Searching:
– Review the references cited in key articles to find additional relevant studies. Citation searching can help trace the development of ideas and identify seminal works.
7. Using Advanced Search Techniques:
– Utilize advanced search options provided by databases, such as proximity searching (finding words near each other) and field-specific searches (author, title, abstract).
8. Reviewing Grey Literature:
– Grey literature includes sources not controlled by commercial publishers, such as reports, theses, conference proceedings, and government publications. These can provide valuable information that is not found in conventional databases.
9. Organizing and Managing Search Results:
– Use reference management software like EndNote, Zotero, or Mendeley to organize and manage citations and references. This helps in keeping track of sources and simplifies the process of citing them in your work.
10. Evaluating and Synthesizing Information:
– Critically evaluate the quality and relevance of the sources. Synthesize the findings to create a coherent overview of the current state of research.
### Conclusion
A literature search is a foundational step in academic research that ensures a comprehensive understanding of the existing body of knowledge on a given topic. Employing systematic and strategic search techniques helps in retrieving relevant and high-quality information efficiently. By defining the research question, selecting appropriate databases, using advanced search techniques, and organizing search results effectively, researchers can build a robust foundation for their study. This process not only aids in identifying gaps in the current literature but also supports the development of new research ideas and hypotheses, contributing to the advancement of knowledge in the field of library and information science.
Q2. What are the characteristics of Current Awareness Services? Describe its types.
Ans. Current Awareness Services (CAS) are essential tools provided by libraries and information centers to keep users informed about the latest developments, research, and publications in their areas of interest. These services are designed to deliver timely and relevant information, helping users stay up-to-date with advancements in their field. Here, we explore the key characteristics of Current Awareness Services and describe its various types.
### Characteristics of Current Awareness Services
1. Timeliness:
– CAS are characterized by their promptness in delivering the latest information. They ensure that users receive updates on new publications, research findings, and relevant news as soon as they become available.
2. Relevance:
– The information provided through CAS is tailored to meet the specific interests and needs of the users. This relevance is achieved by understanding users’ preferences and areas of focus.
3. Customization:
– CAS can be customized to cater to individual or group preferences. Users can specify their areas of interest, preferred formats, and frequency of updates, making the service highly personalized.
4. Diverse Sources:
– These services draw information from a variety of sources including academic journals, books, conference proceedings, patents, reports, and news outlets. This diversity ensures comprehensive coverage of the subject area.
5. User-Friendly Delivery:
– CAS use convenient delivery methods such as email alerts, RSS feeds, web portals, newsletters, and mobile notifications. The user-friendly formats facilitate easy access to and consumption of information.
6. Selective Dissemination:
– CAS often incorporate a selective dissemination approach, where only information pertinent to the user’s predefined criteria is shared, reducing information overload and enhancing efficiency.
7. Frequency:
– The frequency of updates in CAS can vary based on user needs and the nature of the subject area. Some fields may require daily updates, while others may suffice with weekly or monthly summaries.
### Types of Current Awareness Services
1. Email Alerts:
– Libraries and information centers often use email alerts to notify users about new content. Users can subscribe to specific topics, journals, or databases to receive updates directly in their inbox.
2. RSS Feeds:
– RSS (Really Simple Syndication) feeds allow users to subscribe to updates from various websites and databases. Users can aggregate these feeds using an RSS reader to receive the latest information in one place.
3. Web Portals:
– Dedicated web portals are created by libraries where users can access curated lists of new resources, news updates, and recent publications. These portals often feature search capabilities and subject-specific sections.
4. Newsletters:
– Regular newsletters are another form of CAS, where librarians compile and distribute summaries of the latest developments, research articles, and relevant news in a particular field. These can be distributed electronically or in print.
5. Bulletin Boards:
– Physical or digital bulletin boards in libraries can display new acquisitions, upcoming events, and recent publications. These are particularly useful in academic and public libraries for community engagement.
6. Database Alerts:
– Many academic and commercial databases offer alert services. Users can set up alerts based on search queries, author names, or journal titles to receive notifications about new content that matches their criteria.
7. Social Media Updates:
– Libraries use social media platforms like Twitter, Facebook, and LinkedIn to share updates about new resources, events, and important news. This method leverages the widespread use of social media for quick dissemination.
8. Mobile Notifications:
– With the rise of mobile technology, libraries offer app-based notifications and SMS alerts. Users can receive instant updates on their smartphones, making it convenient to stay informed on the go.
### Conclusion
Current Awareness Services play a crucial role in the information landscape by ensuring that users are kept up-to-date with the latest developments in their fields. The characteristics of CAS, such as timeliness, relevance, and customization, make them valuable tools for researchers, professionals, and academics. The various types of CAS, from email alerts to social media updates, provide multiple channels through which users can access current information, ensuring flexibility and convenience. By leveraging these services, libraries and information centers can enhance their support for continuous learning and professional development.
Q3. Discuss the role of marketing mix in marketing of information product and services in university libraries
Ans. The marketing mix is a foundational concept in marketing that involves strategically blending several elements—often summarized as the 4 Ps: Product, Price, Place, and Promotion—to effectively market goods and services. In the context of university libraries, the marketing mix can be adapted to enhance the marketing of information products and services, ensuring these resources meet the needs of their users. Here, we discuss the role of the marketing mix in this setting, emphasizing its application to university libraries.
### Product
In university libraries, the “product” encompasses a wide range of information resources and services. This includes physical and digital collections (books, journals, databases), reference and research services, study spaces, and technology support.
– Customization and Innovation: Libraries need to continuously evaluate and update their collections and services to align with the evolving needs of students, faculty, and researchers. This might involve acquiring new databases, offering digital lending services, or developing specialized research guides.
– User-Centric Approach: Understanding the specific needs of different user groups (undergraduates, graduates, faculty) and tailoring products accordingly is essential. For example, providing robust support for research data management or offering workshops on using bibliographic software.
### Price
While university libraries typically offer their services for free or at a subsidized rate, the concept of “price” can still be relevant in terms of perceived value and cost-effectiveness.
– Cost Management: Libraries must manage their budgets effectively to ensure they can continue to provide high-quality services. This involves negotiating with publishers for better deals on subscriptions or exploring open access resources.
– Value Proposition: Communicating the value of library services is crucial. This includes demonstrating how the library’s resources can save users time, improve their research quality, or enhance their learning experience.
### Place
“Place” refers to the accessibility and availability of library services and resources.
– Physical Access: Ensuring that library spaces are welcoming, well-organized, and conducive to study and research. This also involves considering extended hours during exam periods and providing adequate study areas.
– Digital Access: With the growing reliance on digital resources, libraries need to offer seamless online access to their catalogs, databases, and other digital services. This can involve maintaining a user-friendly website, providing remote access to resources, and developing mobile apps.
### Promotion
Promotion involves communicating the value and availability of the library’s products and services to the target audience.
– Awareness Campaigns: Libraries can use various promotional strategies to raise awareness about their resources and services. This might include email newsletters, social media updates, library orientation sessions for new students, and collaboration with faculty to promote library resources in their courses.
– Engagement Activities: Hosting events, workshops, and exhibitions can attract users to the library and familiarize them with its offerings. Examples include author talks, research skills workshops, and technology training sessions.
– Feedback Mechanisms: Encouraging and incorporating user feedback can improve services and enhance user satisfaction. Regular surveys, suggestion boxes, and user advisory boards are effective ways to gather and respond to feedback.
### Integration of the 4 Ps
The integration of these elements is crucial for a cohesive marketing strategy. For example, promoting a new database (Product) via a targeted social media campaign (Promotion) while ensuring it is easily accessible through the library’s digital portal (Place) and highlighting its cost-effectiveness (Price) creates a comprehensive approach to marketing the library’s offerings.
### Conclusion
The marketing mix plays a vital role in the marketing of information products and services in university libraries. By carefully considering and integrating the elements of Product, Price, Place, and Promotion, libraries can effectively meet the needs of their users, enhance the perceived value of their resources, and ensure the efficient delivery of services. This strategic approach not only improves user satisfaction but also ensures the library remains a critical support system for academic success and research advancement in the university.
II). Answer the following questions in not more than 150 words each.
Q1) Write the name of any four information products with example.
Ans. These are four information products with examples:
1. Databases:
– Example: JSTOR – A digital library providing access to thousands of academic journals, books, and primary sources across various disciplines.
2. E-books:
– Example: SpringerLink – A platform offering a vast collection of e-books and academic publications in science, technology, and medicine.
3. Reference Management Software:
– Example: EndNote – A tool that helps researchers manage bibliographies and references when writing essays and articles.
4. Digital Archives:
– Example: The British Library’s Digital Collections – An online repository containing digitized versions of rare manuscripts, books, maps, and other historical documents.
These information products are essential for facilitating research, providing access to vast amounts of data, and aiding in the management and citation of scholarly work.
Q2) What are the main points for preparation of trend report?
Ans. Preparing a trend report involves a systematic approach to gathering, analyzing, and presenting data on emerging trends within a specific field. Here are the main points to consider:
1. Define the Scope and Purpose:
– Clearly outline the objectives of the trend report.
– Specify the scope, including the time frame and the particular industry or field of interest.
2. Identify Key Trends:
– Conduct preliminary research to identify emerging trends.
– Use sources like academic journals, industry reports, news articles, and expert opinions.
3. Gather Data:
– Collect quantitative and qualitative data from reliable sources.
– Use surveys, interviews, case studies, and secondary data from reputable databases.
4. Analyze Data:
– Identify patterns, correlations, and significant changes over time.
– Use statistical tools and software for data analysis to ensure accuracy.
5. Benchmark Against Historical Data:
– Compare current trends with past data to highlight changes and continuities.
– Provide context for the trends by referencing historical developments.
6. Consult Experts:
– Seek insights from industry experts and stakeholders to validate findings.
– Include expert predictions and analyses to add depth to the report.
7. Visualize Data:
– Use charts, graphs, and infographics to present data clearly and effectively.
– Ensure visual elements enhance understanding and retention of information.
8. Draft the Report:
– Write a comprehensive narrative that explains the trends, supported by data.
– Include sections such as an executive summary, introduction, methodology, findings, and conclusions.
9. Interpret Findings:
– Discuss the implications of the trends for the industry or field.
– Highlight potential opportunities, challenges, and future directions.
10. Proofread and Review:
– Thoroughly check the report for accuracy, clarity, and coherence.
– Seek feedback from colleagues or stakeholders to ensure the report meets its objectives.
11. Cite Sources:
– Provide proper citations for all data and references used in the report.
– Ensure adherence to a consistent citation style.
12. Distribute the Report:
– Identify the target audience and decide on the best format for distribution (e.g., PDF, online publication).
– Use appropriate channels to disseminate the report to ensure it reaches the intended audience.
By following these steps, you can create a well-researched and insightful trend report that effectively communicates the identified trends and their implications.
Q3) Explain the need for information analysis and consolidation.
Ans. Information analysis and consolidation are essential for transforming raw data into actionable insights. These processes ensure accuracy, relevance, and timeliness of information, which enhances decision-making by providing a clear, concise understanding of trends and patterns. By avoiding information overload and filtering out irrelevant data, organizations can maximize resource utilization, saving time and increasing productivity. For researchers, these processes facilitate comprehensive studies and drive innovation by uncovering new insights. Consolidation also improves communication within an organization, ensuring consistent and reliable information dissemination. Furthermore, it aids in meeting regulatory requirements and managing risks effectively. In essence, information analysis and consolidation are critical for maintaining operational efficiency, supporting strategic planning, and fostering an informed, data-driven culture.
Q4) Discuss the steps involved in planning and preparing a technical digest.
Ans. Planning and preparing a technical digest involves several systematic steps to ensure it is comprehensive, accurate, and useful for its intended audience. Here’s a brief overview of these steps:
1. Define Objectives and Scope:
– Clearly outline the purpose of the technical digest and the specific topics it will cover. Identify the target audience and their needs.
2. Gather Information:
– Collect data from reliable sources such as academic journals, industry reports, technical papers, and expert interviews. Ensure the information is current and relevant.
3. Evaluate and Select Content:
– Critically evaluate the gathered information for accuracy and relevance. Select the most pertinent data and insights that align with the digest’s objectives.
4. Organize Content:
– Structure the content logically, with clear sections and headings. Common sections include an introduction, methodology, main findings, and conclusions.
5. Analyze and Synthesize Information:
– Analyze the selected information to identify key trends, patterns, and insights. Synthesize this data to provide a coherent and comprehensive overview.
6. Draft the Digest:
– Write the initial draft, ensuring clarity and conciseness. Use visuals like charts, graphs, and tables to enhance understanding.
7. Review and Revise:
– Review the draft for accuracy, coherence, and readability. Seek feedback from peers or experts and make necessary revisions.
8. Finalize and Format:
– Finalize the content, ensuring it adheres to formatting guidelines. Ensure all sources are properly cited.
9. Distribute:
– Choose appropriate distribution channels (e.g., print, online platforms) to reach the target audience effectively.
By following these steps, you can create a well-structured, informative, and valuable technical digest.
Q5) Write an essay on the trends in information analysis, repackaging and consolidation.
Ans. The evolving landscape of information science has seen significant trends in information analysis, repackaging, and consolidation. These trends are driven by advancements in technology and the growing demand for actionable insights from vast data sets.
### Information Analysis
Recent trends in information analysis emphasize the use of advanced analytics and artificial intelligence (AI). Machine learning algorithms and data mining techniques allow for more accurate predictions and pattern recognition. Big data analytics enable organizations to handle large volumes of data from diverse sources, extracting meaningful insights efficiently.
### Information Repackaging
Information repackaging involves transforming complex data into accessible and user-friendly formats. Visualization tools, such as interactive dashboards and infographics, are increasingly popular, allowing users to grasp complex information quickly. Additionally, the use of multimedia elements, such as videos and podcasts, caters to diverse learning preferences, enhancing engagement and understanding.
### Information Consolidation
Consolidation trends focus on integrating data from multiple sources to provide a comprehensive view. Cloud computing and data integration platforms facilitate the seamless amalgamation of disparate data sets. Knowledge management systems ensure that consolidated information is easily accessible and usable across organizations, fostering collaboration and informed decision-making.
### Conclusion
These trends highlight the importance of leveraging technology to enhance the effectiveness of information analysis, repackaging, and consolidation. By adopting these trends, organizations can improve their ability to make data-driven decisions, ultimately leading to greater efficiency and innovation.
PART – 2
III) Arrange the following given bibliographical information using the 7th edition of APA standard.
Ans. Here is the bibliographical information arranged according to the 7th edition of the APA standard:
1. Book:
Widén, G., & Teixeira, J. (Eds.). (2023). *Information literacy and the digitalisation of the workplace*. Facet Publishing.
2. Government Document:
National Institute of Mental Health. (2024). *Clinical training in serious mental illness* (DHHS Publication No. ADM 90-1679). U.S. Government Printing Office.
3. Television Broadcast:
Important, B. M. (Producer). (1990, November 1). *The nightly news hour* [Television broadcast]. Central Broadcasting Service.
4. Online Lecture Notes:
Hallam, A. (n.d.). *Duality in consumer theory* [PDF document]. Lecture Notes Online. https://www.econ.iastate.edu/classes/econ501/Hallam/index.html
5. Presentation Slides:
Roberts, K. F. (2024). *Federal regulations of chemicals in the environment* [PowerPoint slides]. https://siri.uvm.edu/ppt/40hrenv/index.html
IV) Prepare an indicative abstract of the below mentioned text in not more than 50 words.
National Education Policy 2020 emphasizes Education for the disadvantaged which includes Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Groups (SEDGs) broadly categorized based on gender identities, sociocultural identities, geographical identities, disabilities (including learning disabilities), and socioeconomic conditions. Education is a great leveler and is the best tool for achieving economic and social mobility, inclusion, and equality for becoming a constructive and productive citizen of the country. NEP, 2020 recommends Quality Universities and Colleges, a New and Forwardlooking Vision for India’s Higher Education System suggesting increased access, equity, and inclusion through a range of measures, Greater opportunities for outstanding public education
Scholarships by private/philanthropic universities for disadvantaged and underprivileged students, Extensive use of Online education, and Open Distance Learning (ODL) systems, Ensuring all infrastructure and learning materials accessible and available to learners with disabilities. It also emphasized that all communities and educational institutions – schools, colleges, universities, and public libraries be strengthened and modernized to cater to the needs and interests of all students, including students with disabilities.
Ans. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 prioritizes education for disadvantaged groups, aiming to promote inclusion and equality. It recommends measures such as quality universities, scholarships, online education, and accessible infrastructure to ensure opportunities for all, including those with disabilities. NEP envisions modernized educational institutions catering to diverse needs.
V) Prepare newspaper clipping service. Select any one newspaper and browse the newspaper for the last seven days or any 7 consecutive days. (3X5=15 Marks) Select the news items covering the themes such as:
1. Viksit Bharat @ 2047
2. Indian Election 2024
3. India’s GDP
Ans.
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